These are some of the most common head injuries in football:
Concussion
The most common of all head injuries in football, concussions range in severity from minor knocks to serious injuries that can cause other health problems and require extensive treatment.
A concussion is defined as temporary unconsciousness or confusion caused by a blow to the head.
Contusion
A contusion is a bruise to the brain itself.
Contusions are frequently paired with concussions and are sometimes life threatening, requiring immediate medical attention.
Hematoma
Hematoma is a blood clot formed either on the surface of the brain (subdural), within the skull (intracranial), or when a blood vessel ruptures between the outer surface of the dura mater and the skull (epidural).
Subdural hematoma occur within up to 25% of people with brain injuries and can be extremely serious, in the worst cases leading to paralysis, seizures, breathing problems, or coma.
Intracranial hematoma blood collection can be within the brain tissue or underneath the skull, pressing on the brain.
Epidural hematoma is often a life-threatening condition that may require immediate intervention and can lead to extreme brain injury or death if left untreated.
Skull Fractures
A skull fracture is a break in the bone of the skull.
There are four types of skull fractures, the most common being a linear fracture where the bone breaks but does not change position.
Depressed skull fractures result in the bone being sunken in from trauma.
Diastatic fractures happen along the suture lines of the skull, the areas between skull bones that fuse in development as a child.
Basilar fractures are the most serious type of skull fracture and entail a breaking of the bone at the base of the skull.
Other related injuries
Spinal Injuries
Spinal injuries are incredibly serious and can result in permanent damage, such as paralysis, and loss of quality in life.
Facial Injuries
Facial injuries, including lacerations, facial bone fractures, damage to the eyes, and more are common in hockey and can result in permanent damage or scarring.