Before delving into the connection between asbestos exposure and rectal cancer, it is crucial to understand what asbestos is and how exposure occurs.
What Is Asbestos?
Asbestos is a naturally occurring group of minerals composed of thin, fibrous crystals.
The National Cancer Institute (NCI) lists six types of asbestos minerals.
Types of asbestos minerals include:
- Chrysotile
- Actinolite
- Tremolite
- Anthophyllite
- Crocidolite
- Amosite
Due to its incredible resistance to heat, fire, and chemicals, asbestos was widespread in various industries, including construction, shipbuilding, and manufacturing.
Common products containing asbestos include insulation, roofing materials, and brake pads.
When asbestos-containing materials are disturbed, tiny fibers are released into the air, where humans can inhale or ingest them, leading to serious health issues.
Sources of Asbestos Exposure
Asbestos exposure occurs in three primary settings.
Primary settings include:
- Occupational Asbestos Exposure: Workers in construction, shipbuilding, manufacturing, and other similar industries are at an increased risk of asbestos exposure.
- For example, construction workers may encounter asbestos in older buildings during renovations, while shipbuilders may be vulnerable when working on ships constructed before the restriction of asbestos use.
- Non-Occupational or Environmental Asbestos Exposure: Individuals living in older homes or buildings built before the 1980s may also be susceptible to asbestos exposure. Environmental contamination — such as asbestos in soil or water — is another non-occupational exposure route.
- Second-Hand Asbestos Exposure: Exposure to asbestos is possible through contact with someone who has been in direct contact with this toxic mineral.
- For example, asbestos-exposed workers may bring home asbestos fibers on their clothes, shoes, tools, or bodies, exposing their family members to the harmful substance.
How Asbestos Fibers Enter the Body
Inhalation is the primary route through which asbestos fibers enter the body.
Once inhaled, asbestos fibers can become lodged in the lungs or other organs.
Although less common, ingestion is another route of exposure.
Asbestos fibers can travel through the digestive system if swallowed, potentially reaching the colon and rectum.
As a result of long-term exposure, victims may develop colorectal cancer (colon or rectal cancer), the second leading cause of cancer deaths for American men and women combined.
The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies asbestos as a known carcinogen, meaning it is proven to cause cancer in humans.
These tiny fibers can attach to the lining of organs such as the lungs or stomach, leading to various types of cancer.
Most medical studies provide sufficient evidence supporting the link between asbestos exposure and lung cancer, mesothelioma, laryngeal cancer, and ovarian cancer.
While still not conclusive, research on the connection between asbestos and colorectal cancer is indicative.